作賓語(yǔ)

1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：

admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help(can't help),imagine,include,keep,understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…，look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如：

They went on walking and never stopped talking.他們繼續(xù)走，說(shuō)個(gè)不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海灘上走真是樂(lè)事。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時(shí)，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。

有些動(dòng)詞之后既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，可把這類動(dòng)詞分為三種類型：兩種形式所表達(dá)的含義基本相同，可以互換。這類動(dòng)詞有：

attempt ，begin，cease，continue，intend，omit，start，cannot bear，decline，disdain，loathe，neglect，commence。例如：

They ceased talking/to talk.他們停止說(shuō)話。

Prices will continue to rise/rising.物價(jià)將繼續(xù)上揚(yáng)。

What do you intend to do/doing next?你下一步打算干什么?

賓語(yǔ)用不定式和動(dòng)名詞所表達(dá)的含義略有變化。用不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示特定的一次性的未來(lái)動(dòng)作;用動(dòng)名詞則表示一般的行為，或者是目前正在進(jìn)行的行為。也可以說(shuō)，動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作，而不定式表示特指的動(dòng)作。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：hate，like，love，prefer，dread等。

例如：

Would you like to go with me?你想跟我一起走嗎?

He preferred to do this rather than do that.他寧愿做這件事，而不愿做那件事。

2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞

例如：The rain prevented us from completing the work.下雨妨礙我們完成工作。

She complains of the book being too difficult.她抱怨這本書太難。

形容詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞

例如：I know who is responsible for breaking the window.我知道窗戶是誰(shuí)打破的。

名詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞

例如：There are many ways of doing it.有許多方法可以做這件事。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我們休息呢還是開始干活?

there be和it is也可變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞there being 和it being與介詞連用。

例如：The car stoppedbecause of there being no fuel in the tank.

因?yàn)橛拖淅餂](méi)有油，所以汽車停了下來(lái)。

介詞+動(dòng)名詞也可在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件等。

例如：On leaving school,he went into business.一離開學(xué)校，他就投身到商業(yè)中去了。

3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆椤?/p>

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們正為馬上到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。

作表語(yǔ)

動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。如果句中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)同為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意保持兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在形式上的一致。

例：

Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大眾化的消遣是下棋(The most popular pastime is to play chess.)

The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感興趣的事就是工作.

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