三

詞義猜測(cè)題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法

1.通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義

閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生,轉(zhuǎn)化或合成的新詞,考生可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法方面的知識(shí)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。

典例They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard-working.They like tidiness，especially the women，who always keep their home clean.

What does the underlined word“tidiness”mean in Chinese?

A.整潔B.安靜C.時(shí)尚D.隨意

2.利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義

作者有時(shí)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為一些生詞直接提供定義或解釋,這些符號(hào)無(wú)疑為考生理解或猜測(cè)生詞詞義提供了很好的線索,如破折號(hào)、引號(hào)等。考生在解題時(shí)要善于抓住這些線索。

典例Bob works in a car factory near his home. He works very hard. He needs to work 8 hours everyday. He will be on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.next day.

★What's the meaning of the underlined words?

A.開夜車B.夜班C.熬夜D.晚上休息

3.通過(guò)同義.反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

在生詞所在的上下文中,有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或反義的詞語(yǔ),這時(shí)可根據(jù)熟悉的詞語(yǔ)的含義推知生詞的含義。

典例 In its first year of business.Diners Club issued 200 cards.The customers who got the cards from the Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants.Today . Diners Club has about 8 million customers.and they can use their cards in over 7.6million businesses in more than 200 countries.

★The underlined word“issued” here probably means

A.showed B.took C. borrowed D. provided

4.通過(guò)定義.解釋和舉例猜測(cè)詞義

在閱讀材料中,特別是新聞報(bào)道及科普類說(shuō)明文中,生詞后面往往用that is，mean，stand for,namely，refer to，in other words等或破折號(hào)引出說(shuō)明性的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)也用同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。還有些文章經(jīng)常用例子來(lái)說(shuō)明前面較難理解的詞,這些例子可幫助考生準(zhǔn)確猜測(cè)生詞。文章舉例時(shí),常常會(huì)用一些連接詞，如 : such as，like，for example等。

典例 Why did he do it? Why did he break the law and endanger people's health? The answer is simple: He wanted to make more money.It was a moral failing，and this is at the heart of the food scandals in China.Too many people focus on making money and not on the effects their actions can have on others.

★It was a moral failing，and this is at the heart of the food scandals in China.Here what's the Chinese meaning of "moral failing”?

A.精神崩潰 B.道德滑坡 C.質(zhì)量下降 D.心理失衡

5.根據(jù)釋義猜詞義

釋義常由定語(yǔ)從句或由is，or，that is ( to say ) , in other words , be called，be known as等詞匯短語(yǔ)或破折號(hào)來(lái)表示。

典例 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is，it will break easily. What 's the Chinese meaning of“brittle”?

A.強(qiáng)壯的 B.脆的 C.驕傲的 D.平靜的

6.通過(guò)上下文的聯(lián)系猜測(cè)詞義

任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有聯(lián)系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析,進(jìn)而猜測(cè)詞義。

典例 As she grew older. she accepted who she was.Still. she wanted to find the missing piece of the puzzle. After finding out the place of her birthparents. Ida went to Korea in 2008.When she first arrived，she was surprised to see so many people who looked like her. However,apart from her looks，not much could be shared with others.she knew little about the culture，food，especially the language.Being in Korea wasn't always easy for her.

★What does the phrase“apart from”mean?

A. except B.as for C. as well as D. besides

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