五

熱身環(huán)節(jié)

主旨大意題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法

1.主旨大意題解題的“五大原則”

主旨大意題是不能夠從原文中直接找到答案的題目﹐解題時要注意以下“五大原則”:

①以原文為依據(jù),不摻雜個人意見,要客觀不要主觀。要克服“我認(rèn)為……怎么樣”的觀點(diǎn)。

②答案是比出來的。因為,有時候四個答案都是對的。答案不選對的,只選最好的。比答案的原則是:好的≥不知道的≥不對的。

③注意絕對化的詞。如果答案選項中出現(xiàn)絕對化的詞,比如: all . always, never , nothing ,every等,除非文章當(dāng)中使用了該類詞匯,否則,一般都要排除。

④答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面,以偏概全。尤其是多個選項都有道理,難以挑選正確答案的時候,要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個。

⑤“傻瓜”原則。文章中沒有提到的就當(dāng)是不知道,不要枉自猜測,自作聰明。一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。

2.選帽原則

所謂選帽原則,就是選的標(biāo)題要像帽子一樣,大小合適才行。另外,標(biāo)題要簡潔、突出、新穎。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆,所以它還要具有醒目的特點(diǎn),能吸引讀者。

典例 Hi，dear boys and girls ! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.

First.eat different foods，especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favourite food，but you'd better eat something different. lf you eat different foods，you will probably get more nutrients(營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))your body needs.

Second，drink water and milk as often as possible. . .

Third.listen to your body.. .

Fourth，limit(限制)screen times. . .Fifth，be active.. .

Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

★Which is the best title of the passage?

A.How to be active B. How to make yourself important C.How to make your parents healthy D. How to be a healthy kid

3.主題定位法

主旨大意題主要包括兩類;標(biāo)題類和主旨大意類。這兩類題目有很多的共性,解這類題目時,主要采取主題定位法。

所謂主題定位法,就是通過分析文章的首尾和各段開頭,找出每一小段的主題句,然后通過尋找共同點(diǎn),找出整個文章的主題句。這種方法叫作主題定位法。

要掌握好主題定位法,考生要明白主題主要的呈現(xiàn)方式:

(1)藏頭露尾式

藏頭露尾式的意思是說,主題句不是出現(xiàn)在開頭,而是出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。

典例 On the Internet，we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.what 's more，we can go to school on the net，read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music， watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net，we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.

★What 's the main idea of the passage?

A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.

C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.

D.We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.

(2)首尾呼應(yīng)式

在有些文章中,為了突出主題,作者在文章開頭提出主題,接著進(jìn)行闡述或論證,在結(jié)尾時再次點(diǎn)明主題。值得注意的是,前后兩個主題句不是簡單的重復(fù),再次出現(xiàn)的主題句往往是對前面主題句的進(jìn)一步引申或發(fā)展。

典例 Lacrosse(長曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train for war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.

People play lacrosse outdoors.The lacrosse field is seven meters long.At each end of the field there is a goal.The goal is. . .

There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada.Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.

At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada.Today it is still popular with Canadians.

★The passage is mainly about

A. how to Play Lacrosse B. lacrosse in Canada C.the History of Lacrosse

D.lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada

(3)藏龍臥虎式

藏龍臥虎式指的是主題句隱含在全文當(dāng)中,沒有明確的主題句。具體方法是:首先弄清楚各個段落講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容,這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系,尋找共同點(diǎn),然后加以歸納形成主題。

典例Handshaking. though a European practice, is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed hands to each other as a sign of good will.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“ Let 's shake( hands ) on it!”sometimes means agreement reached.

典例 The paragraph mainly tells us

A. where handshaking was first practiced B.how handshaking came about

C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China.

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